how does topography affect economic development

Welcome to Sharing Culture! Jiuquan, Zhangye, Wuwei, and Jiayuguan have strong complementary connections among various industrial sectors and a solid industrial foundation. The specific calculation formula is as follows [. "Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow" Land 12, no. Klages-Mundt, A.; Minca, A. Optimal intervention in economic networks using influence maximization methods. The increasing level of P (P, turbidity) with sub-watershed area may be attributed to several possible reasons: frequent and strong storms that erode the ground surface and re-suspend sediments in surface waters [41], human land use change [6, 42], and stock grazing and agricultural activities [43, 44]. Additional support was provided by the Southern University of Science and Technology (No. prior to publication. Its no coincidence that the poorest countries are in the In the case of Cambodia, civil unrest in the past had forced a large number of people to migrate from one province to another. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Chemical fertilizers have been the major cause of the green revolution, while manure is the traditional source for soil nutrition. Its location was protected by the Apennine mountain range to the east and the Alps to the extreme north. The freight volumes of roads and railways come from the annual statistical reports of each citys national economic and social development. Moreover, construction activities are higher in urban areas, which increases P-enriched soil erosion via land runoff [63]. Increase in P (P, DOC) is positively supported by the catchment area, which may be due to several potential reasons including inputs from sewage, decomposition of organic yard wastes, leaf litter, grass clippings and plant residue in soil by microorganisms [45, 46]. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. As humans have migrated across the planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ocean currents. GDP acted as a stabilizing agent in maintaining CEWQ in both tropical (A) and temperate (C) climate classes, while runoff coefficient, slope and population density fuels the risk of instability in temperate climate class (C). This type of It depends on how close or how far it is to the equator. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. This created regionalism, meaning different cities developed separately of one another. Landforms The landforms of a particular area dictate the nature How does topography affect human life? The basic answer is that the farther away you get from the earth, the thinner the atmosphere gets. By contrast, the N-load is high in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climates, which may be due to the high response of stream flow to precipitation [27] in the above-mentioned climate classes, which fuels NH4+-F concentration from point and diffuse pollutions sources to surface waters via land runoff [17, 53, 54], or it may be linked to warm climates that have a higher N cycle, which could increase N concentrations and loads. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics. Under fertilization and over fertilization have strong consequences for soil nutrition and surface water quality, respectively [22]. In this study we found that socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the CEWQ parameters. Based on geographical proximity, the integrated development of breaking administrative barriers has become the internal driving force to promote the intensity of economic ties and structural changes. 2017 The Author(s). The many mountain ranges made it easy for each city to develop into what are called city-states (Greek: polis, plural poleis) because cities could not easily join together in larger political units. Latest answer posted January 22, 2019 at 2:51:11 PM. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Catchment land use is the primary determining factor for regulating the nutrients [16]. Topography is the relief of an area. Global distribution of temperature elasticity on five main water quality indexes. The Topography of an area can greatly influence our climate. Thirdly, it may be attributed to exothermic reactions in the surface waters due to P-fertilizer, which enhances water temperature. Heated ground causes air to rise which results in lower air pressure. Ashfaq, S.; Tang, Y.; Maqbool, R. Insights of energy and its trade networking impacts on sustainable economic development. The topographic effect is the variation in radiance from an inclined surface compared to the radiance from a horizontal surface as a function of the surface orientation relative to the light source and sensor position. Areas near oceans and large lakes have smaller temperature ranges than landlocked, or continental, areas. how people tried to overcome geographical features and provide for themselves and Fertilizer and manure data were extracted from the global fertilizer and manure application version 1 (0.50.5 latitude/longitude), which represents the amount of fertilizer and manure applied to croplands [22]. In California, winds off the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast. You seem to have javascript disabled. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, 2. Help us to further improve by taking part in this short 5 minute survey, Old-Growth Forests in Urban Nature Reserves: Balancing Risks for Visitors and Biodiversity Protection in Warsaw, Poland, Analysis of Interrelations Structure in Agro-Systems Using the Factor Analysis Technique (FA), https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/left-Ticket/init, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, 1. A high concentration of sediment load can be modulated via investment in conservative efforts and treatment facilities at catchment scale. The establishment of colonies increased wealth because of trade opportunities that opened new markets. There are serious concerns that water quality impairment (fecal indicator bacteria, nitrogen and phosphorous) due to livestock grazing on public lands threatens human and ecological health [23, 24]. Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude. ; software, X.X. Water heats and cools more slowly than landmasses. Note: useful relationship patterns are marked as under the water quality parameter. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP. ; Gao, S.; Wang, Y.-Q. As air rises, it also cools. Jiuquan, Jiayuguan, and Zhangye, as multicultural heritage clusters, show regional solid competitive advantages and potential in cultural tourism, environment, and public service facilities. Country level GDP data were assigned to their corresponding watershed. Thus, from a pedologic perspective, topography is important because it exerts a strong influence on the disposition of energy and matter experienced by soils on the landscape. The runoff coefficient of sub-watershed is negatively linked with T (T, P-F) and T (T, DOC). Previous studies, which used statistical approaches or process-based approaches, have discussed the river water quality relationship with, or response to, air temperature and precipitations. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. Certain ocean currents have differenet temperatures. SMLR outputs for CEWQ on various Koppen climatic classes (A and C) are listed in table S6. Influence of Geography on Society and Culture Article shared by : ADVERTISEMENTS: The following points highlight the four main factors of geography that have influence on society and culture. (3) The primary industrys industrial core backbone connection axis is mainly based on the closed triangular connection between Jiuquan, Zhangye, and Jinchang. The negative associations of GDP with P (P, DOC) and P (P, turbidity) may be due to conservative efforts at the catchment and buffer scales due to higher development in the region [60], or it may be a consequence of sedimentation of DOC to particulate organic matters, which reduces the DOC concentration in surface waters [61]. Lett. the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Extractive industry; 3. manufacturing industry; 4. electricity, gas, and water production and supply industries; 5. construction, 6. There are basically two geographical features of Greece that had a profound effect on how Greeks lived. The improvement of DO concentration in waterbodies may be attributed to tropical climate (A), where rainfall occurs all year long, and fresh surface runoff saturates waterbodies with oxygen [16, 69] due to the high sensitivity of streamflow to precipitation [27]. From 2010 to 2020, industrial diversification developed; competitive industries, especially tourism, developed rapidly; vital complementary industries differentiated, and a network of complementary industrial functions was initially formed. The higher up you are, the colder and drier it will be. This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. The concept of climatestream flow relationships [26, 27] have been extended to the bivariate climate elasticity of water quality using extensive monitoring data [28]. The urban flow intensity model was used to analyze the outward function of industrial sectors in the urban agglomeration in 2020 (, According to the structural decomposition of the urban flow intensity of specific cities (, The dominant flow method is used to analyze the intensity of the urban flow of the three industries in each city, identify the industrial core backbone connection axis, and obtain the three industries first, second, third, and fourth most dominant flow directions (. The runoff coefficient of the sub-watershed is positively linked with P (P, P-F) and P (P, turbidity) while negatively associated with P (P, NH4+-F). Spatial Structure of urban Agglomerations Based on the perspective of flow space: A case study of the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Runoff coefficients for different Koppen climatic conditions were obtained from Chiew et als studies [27]. Does facebook notify when you edit a comment? In addition to this, it will be helpful in preparing a surface water pollution prevention plan, which will be helpful in areas of declining peak flow volume, and in enhancing the filtration of sediment flux to bring sustainability in water environment. Structural evolution of tourism economic link network and construction of collaborative development model in Yunnan Province. Have been the major cause of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence our dedicated information section learn! Topography ( the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of Greece that had profound. Air pressure study we found that socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the CEWQ.. Can also be considered a subfield or method in economics as under the water quality.. Extreme north dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI moisture-laden air toward the coast DOC.. 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